Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines
© 2004 Robert A. Freitas Jr. and Ralph C. Merkle. All Rights Reserved.
Robert A. Freitas Jr., Ralph C. Merkle, Kinematic Self-Replicating Machines, Landes Bioscience, Georgetown, TX, 2004.
References 900-999
900. Ranier Worst, “GMD’s collection of snake-like robots caught in the World Wide Web,” Institute for Autonomous Intelligent Systems; http://ais.gmd.de/~worst/snake-collection.html
901. S. Hirose, Biologically Inspired Robots (Snake-like Locomotor and Manipulator), Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993.
902. P. Menzel, F. D’Aluisio, Robo sapiens: Evolution of a New Species, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000.
903. Cem Unsal, Han Kiliccote, Pradeep K. Khosla, “I(CES)-Cubes: A modular self-reconfigurable bipartite robotic system,” Proc. 1999 SPIE Conf. on Mobile Robots and Autonomous Systems, September 1999, Boston, MA, Sensor Fusion and Decentralized Control in Robotic Systems II, 1999, pp. 258-269; see “I-Cubes”: http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~unsal/research/ices/cubes/
904. Cem Unsal, Pradeep K. Khosla, “Mechatronic design of a modular self-reconfiguring robotic system,” Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. On Robotics and Automation, 2000, pp. 1742-1747.
905. Cem Unsal, Han Kiliccote, Pradeep K. Khosla, “A modular self-reconfigurable bipartite robotic system: Implementation and motion planning,” Autonomous Robots 10(2001):23-40.
906. H. Asama et al., eds., Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems 2, Tokyo, Springer-Verlag, New York, 1996.
907. Research Project, Interaction Lab, USC Robotics Labs; http://www-robotics.usc.edu/~agents/
908. Y.U. Cao et al, “Cooperative mobile robotics: antecedents and directions,” Volume I, Proc. IEEE/RSJ Intl. Conf. On Intelligent Robots and Systems, Pittsburgh PA, August 1995, pp. 226-234.
909. G. Beni, S. Hackwood, “The maximum entropy principle and sensing in swarm intelligence,” in F.J. Varela, P. Bourgine, eds., Toward a Practice of Autonomous Systems, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990, pp. 153-160.
910. S. Hackwood, G. Beni, “Self-organization of sensors for swarm intelligence,” Proc. IEEE Intl. Conf. On Robotics and Automation, Nice, France, May 1992, pp. 819-829.
911. Mark M. Millonas, “Swarms, phase transitions, and collective intelligence,” in Christopher G. Langton, Artificial Life III, Proc. Volume XVII Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, New York, 1994, p. 417-445.
912. E. Bonabeau, M. Dorigo, G. Theraulaz, Swarm Intelligence: From Natural to Artificial Systems, Santa Fe Institute Sciences of Complexity Series, Oxford University Press, New York, 1999.
913. Eric Bonabeau, Guy Theraulaz, “Swarm smarts,” Sci. Amer. 282(March 2000):72-79.
914. “Computer Controlled LEGO® Car Factory,” http://vita.bu.edu/cgc/newlego/index.html. See also: C. Cassandras, “Computer Controlled LEGO® Car Factory,” University of Massachusetts, 1996; http://web.archive.org/web/20010816195817/http://www.ecs.umass.edu/ece/UG/lego/home.html
915. Matt Moses, “A Physical Prototype of a Self-Replicating Universal Constructor,” Master’s Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Mexico, 2001; http://www.home.earthlink.net/~mmoses152/SelfRep.doc
916. Thomas Hune, Kim G. Larsen, Paul Pettersson, “Guided Synthesis of Control Programs Using UPPAAL,” 20 October 2002, http://www.daimi.au.dk/~baris/CaseStudy/; “A Steel Production Plant Model,” LEGO Lab, University of Aarhus, http://legolab.daimi.au.dk/Projects/projects.html
917. Mitchel Resnick, “LEGO®, Logo, and Life,” in Christopher G. Langton, ed., Artificial Life, Santa Fe Institute, Studies in the Science of Complexity, Volume VI, Addison-Wesley, New York, 1989, pp. 397-406.
918. Jonathan B. Knudsen, The Unofficial Guide to LEGO® Mindstorms Robots, O’Reilly & Associates, 1999; Dave Baum, Extreme Mindstorms: An Advanced Guide to LEGO® Mindstorms, APress, 2000; Mario Ferrari, Giulio Ferrari, Ralph Hempel, Building Robots with LEGO® Mindstorms: The Ultimate Tool for Mindstorms Maniacs, Syngress Media Inc., 2001; Mario Ferrari, Giulio Ferrari, Kevin Clague, J.P. Brown, Ralph Hempel, LEGO® Mindstorms Masterpieces: Building Advanced Robots, Syngress Media Inc, 2003; Don Wilcher, LEGO® Mindstorms Mechatronics: Using Systems and Controls to Build Sophisticated Robots, McGraw-Hill/TAB Electronics, New York, 2003.
919. “Erectorworld,” http://www.erectorworld.com/
920. Kendrick Bisset, “Meccano in the United States,” 2001; http://www.usmeccano.com/index.html
921. Alexander Keewatin Dewdney, The Tinkertoy Computer and Other Machinations, W.H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, CA, 1993. See also: A.K. Dewdney, “A Tinkertoy computer that plays tic-tac-toe,” Sci. Amer. 261(October 1989):120-123; http://www.rci.rutgers.edu/~cfs/472_html/Intro/TinkertoyComputer/TinkerToy.html
922. “A Tinkertoy Page,” http://www.constructiontoys.com/store/tinkertoy.html; “Tinkertoy® Construction Sets History,” http://www.hasbro.com/pl/page.corporate_history_tinkertoy/dn/default.cfm
923. Tony Knowles, “Meccano, Erector, Marklin & 500 Other Metal Constructional Toys,” http://www.osnl.freeserve.co.uk/
924. Johan van Dam, “Meccano Imitations,” http://www.xs4all.nl/~jvdam/meccano/imi/index_imi.htm
925. David Williams, “Meccano Imitators,” 1996-2002; http://www.freenet.edmonton.ab.ca/meccano/mecimit.html
926. “The Construction Toy Homepage,” http://www.chem.sunysb.edu/msl/lego/homepage.html; Johan van Dam, “Other Construction Toys,” http://www.xs4all.nl/~jvdam/meccano/non/index_non.htm; “The Construction Site,” http://www.constructiontoys.com/
927. Hod Lipson, Jordan B. Pollack, “Automatic design and manufacture of robotic lifeforms”, Nature 406(2000):974-978; http://golem03.cs-i.brandeis.edu/download/naturegolem.pdf. See also: Rodney Brooks, “From robot dreams to reality,” Nature 406(31 August 2000):945-947; George Musser, “Robotics replication: Dawn of a new species?” Sci. Amer. 283(November 2000):26; John Whitfield, “Design for living,” Nature Science Update, 31 August 2000; http://www.nature.com/nsu/000831/000831-8.html
928. “The Golem Project,” see: http://www.demo.cs.brandeis.edu/golem/, http://golem03.cs-i.brandeis.edu/index.html, http://golem03.cs-i.brandeis.edu/press.html, http://helen.cs-i.brandeis.edu/golem/
929. Matthew Fordahl, “Computer makes robot offspring,” Associated Press, 30 August 2000, http://www.canoe.ca/CNEWSScience0008/30_robot.html; “Robots making robots, with some help,” Science News 158(16 September 2000):189, http://golem03.cs-i.brandeis.edu/press/ScienceNews.pdf; Bruce Sterling, “When robots act like rabbits,” Wall Street Journal, 6 September 2000, http://golem03.cs-i.brandeis.edu/press/Wsj_a.jpg; Jennifer Viegas, “Robots self-replicate, team up,” Discovery.com News, 30 August 2000, http://golem03.cs-i.brandeis.edu/press/discovery.pdf or http://www.discovery.com/news/briefs/20000830/te_robots.html
930. Jordan B. Pollack, Hod Lipson, “The GOLEM Project: Evolving Hardware Bodies and Brains,” Proceedings of the Second NASA/DoD Workshop on Evolvable Hardware (EH’00), 13-15 July 2000, Palo Alto CA, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2000; http://computer.org/proceedings/eh/0762/07620037abs.htm
931. For example, see: Terry Wohlers, “The World of Rapid Prototyping,” Proc. Fourth Intl. Conf. On Desktop Manufacturing, 24-25 September 1992, San Jose, CA, Wohlers Associates, 1992, http://www.wohlersassociates.com/mr.html; “University Rapid Prototyping Programs,” http://home.att.net/~castleisland/u_lks.htm; “Rapid Manufacturing Processes at University and R&D Labs,” Carnegie Mellon University, Spring 1997, http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/People/rapidproto/manufacturing/mfguniversity.html; “The Commercial Rapid Prototyping Systems,” http://ecoleing.uqtr.uquebec.ca/geniedoc/gmm/productique/rp_systems.htm; “Commercial Rapid Prototyping System Manufacturers,” http://home.att.net/~castleisland/com_lks.htm; “Rapid Prototyping Directory,” http://mtiac.iitri.org/pubs/rp/rp6.htm; Stratasys Inc., http://www.stratasys.com; Z Corporation, “Industry-Standard Three-Dimensional Printers & Solutions,” http://www.zcorp.com
932. 3D Systems, “Products”; http://www.3dsystems.com
933. M. Agarwala, A. Bandyopadhyay, R. van Weeren, V. Jamalabad, P. Whalen, N.A. Langrana, A. Safari,, S.C. Danforth, “Fused deposition of ceramics,” J. Rapid Prototyping 2(1996):4-19; Dan Qiu, Noshir A. Langrana, Stephen C. Danforth, “Intelligent toolpath for extrusion-based LM process,” http://www.caip.rutgers.edu/~danqiu/sff10.html; “An intelligent CAD system for multi-material layered manufacturing,” http://www.caip.rutgers.edu/~danqiu/research.html. See also: Laboratory of Solid Freeform Fabrication of Advanced Ceramics at Rutgers University,” http://www.caip.rutgers.edu/sff/; Michael Brooks, “Printing dreams,” WorldLink, Magazine of the World Economic Forum, 21 March 2001; http://www.worldlink.co.uk/stories/storyReader$632; “3-D printing technology,” New Scientist 167(30 September 2000).
934. ToyBuilders.com, a division of Vicale Corp., http://www.toybuilders.com; “Stereolithography (SLA),” http://www.toybuilders.com/stereolithography.htm; “Selective Laser Sintering (SLS),” http://www.toybuilders.com/selective_laser_sintering.htm; “Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM),” http://www.toybuilders.com/fused_deposition_modeling.htm; “Layer Object Manufacturing (LOM),” http://www.toybuilders.com/layer_object_manufacturing.htm; “3 Dimensional Printing (3DP),” http://www.toybuilders.com/3_dimensional_printing.htm.
935. “Fused Deposition Modeling,” http://www.quickparts.com/encyclopedia/FDM.pdf; “Info Page: Fused Deposition Modeling,” October 1999, http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~unsal/research/rapid/fdm.html; “Fused Deposition Modeling,” http://www.nitc.qub.ac.uk/divs/adc-fdm.htm; “Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM),” Phoenix Analysis & Design Technologies, 2003, http://www.padtinc.com/rm/fdm/default.htm; “Fused Deposition Modeling,” 9 February 2004, http://www.materialise.com/prototypingsolutions/fused_ENG.html
936. Mark W. Tilden, T.C. Lowe, “Section 6.7.11. The development of useful nanotech robotic systems,” in “Chapter 6, Applications: Nanodevices, Nanoelectronics, and Nanosensors,” in M.C. Roco, S. Williams, P. Alivisatos, eds., Vision for Nanotechnology Research and Development in the Next Decade, Nanotechnology Research Directions: IWGN Workshop Report, September 1999, p.93; http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/IWGN.Research.Directions/chapter06.pdf
937. M.W. Tilden, M.S. Moses, “Autonomous Self-Assembling Robotic Mechanisms,” http://www.winnipegrobotics.com/Pages/Robots/Beam/beam.html; also cited in http://www.wtec.org/loyola/nano/IWGN.Research.Directions/chapter06.pdf (Chapter 6, Section 6.7.11, page 93).
938. M. W. Tilden, “Living Machines and the Robot Jurassic Park: Primitives to Predators,” Neuromorphic Workshop, Telluride, Colorado, July 6, 1995, and Recursos Smithsonian Group, Los Alamos, New Mexico, July 14, 1995.
939. M. W. Tilden, J. Moses, R. Mainieri, and B. Hasslacher, “Autonomous Biomorphic Robots as Platforms for Sensors,” DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information, Washington, D.C., August 1996; http://solarbotics.net/library/pdflib/pdf/auto_bio_rob_platforms.pdf
940. M. W. Tilden, “A Concurrent Application Research Proposal for the Development of Living Machines,” NASA AIAA Nanosat Meeting, Houston, Texas, November 1, 1995.
941. Amelie Schmolke, Hanspeter A. Mallot, “Territory formation in mobile robots,” in Russell K. Standish, Hussein A. Abbass, Mark A. Bedau, eds., Artificial Life VIII, 8th Intl. Conf. on the Simulation and Synthesis of Living Systems, University of New South Wales, Australia, 9-13 December 2002, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, 2000, pp. 256-259; http://parallel.acsu.unsw.edu.au/complex/alife8/proceedings/sub1250.pdf
942. Gerard K. O’Neill, “The colonization of space,” Physics Today 27(September 1974):32-40; http://www.aeiveos.com/~bradbury/Authors/Engineering/ONeill-GK/TCoS.html
943. Gerard K. O’Neill, “Space colonies and energy supply to Earth,” Science 190(5 December 1975):941-947.
944. Gerard K. O’Neill, “Space colonies: The high frontier,” The Futurist 10(February 1976):25-33; http://www.aeiveos.com/~bradbury/Authors/Engineering/ONeill-GK/SCTHF.html
945. Gerard K. O’Neill, The High Frontier, William Morrow, New York, 1977.
946. Freeman J. Dyson, “The life of Gerard K. O’Neill (obituary),” Physics Today 46(February 1993); http://www.ssi.org/obit.html. See also: “Gerard K. O’Neill biography,” Space Frontier Foundation, http://www.space-frontier.org/HighFrontier/gkobio.html
947. Richard D. Johnson, Charles Holbrow, eds., Space Settlements: A Design Study, NASA/Ames Research Center, NASA SP-413, Washington DC, 1977.
948. T.A. Heppenheimer, Colonies in Space, Warner Books, Inc., New York, 1977.
949. Gerard K. O’Neill, Brian O’Leary, eds., Space-Based Manufacturing from Nonterrestrial Materials, AIAA, New York, 1977.
950. Jerry Grey, ed., Space Manufacturing Facilities I & II, AIAA, New York, 1977.
951. John Billingham, William Gilbreath, Brian O’Leary, eds. Space Resources and Space Settlements, NASA/Ames Research Center, NASA SP-428, Washington DC, 1979.
952. Gerard K. O’Neill, “The low (profile) road to space manufacturing,” Astronautics and Aeronautics 16(March 1978):18-32; available for purchase from SSI at http://www.ssi.org/body_catalog.html
953. David R. Criswell, “The initial lunar supply base,” in John Billingham, William Gilbreath, Brian O’Leary, eds., Space Resources and Space Settlements, NASA/Ames Research Center, NASA SP-428, Washington DC, 1979, pp. 206-224.
954. Gerard K. O’Neill, “Recent work on use of lunar materials for SPS construction,” Final Proceedings of the Solar Power Satellite Program Review, U.S. Department of Energy, GPO, Washington, DC, 1980.
955. Gerard K. O’Neill, The Technology Edge: Opportunities for America in World Competition, Simon & Schuster, New York, 1984, 1985 (reprint edition).
956. Judson T. Hewitt, personal communication to Robert A. Freitas Jr., 17 March 1997.
957. Judson T. Hewitt, “Development of manufacturing facilities in space able to use only extraterrestrial materials,” Space Power 12(1993):175-227; Judson T. Hewitt, “Construction of solar power satellites and space habitats via self-reproducing manufacturing facilities,” Space Power 13(1994):71-74.
958. “SSI Research Report: First Steps Study,” Space Studies Institute website, April 2003; http://www.ssi.org/body_research.html#systems-first
959. Space Studies Institute, “First steps to lunar manufacturing: Results of the 1988 SSI Lunar Systems Workshop,” Lunar and Planetary Institute, 1988; available for purchase from SSI at http://www.ssi.org/body_catalog.html
960. Gerard K. O’Neill, “Alternative plan for U.S. National Space Program,” Space Studies Institute, Princeton, NJ, 1990; http://www.ssi.org/alt-plan.html
961. David Criswell, Extraterrestrial Materials Processing and Construction, Final Report, NSR 09-051-001, Lunar and Planetary Institute and NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston TX, 31 January 1980.
962. “Chapter 4. Nonterrestrial Utilization of Materials: Automated Space Manufacturing Facility,” pp. 77-188, and Section 4.3.3, “Starting Kits,” pp. 119-126, in Robert A. Freitas Jr., William P. Gilbreath, eds., Advanced Automation for Space Missions, NASA Conference Publication CP-2255, 1982.
963. Rene H. Miller, Marvin L. Minsky, David B.S. Smith, Space Applications of Automation, Robotics and Machine Intelligence Systems (ARAMIS), Phase I, Final Report, MIT Space Systems Laboratory and AI Laboratory, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, NASA CR-162079, August 1982.
964. David L. Akin, Marvin Minsky, Telepresence, ARAMIS (Phase II), MIT Space Systems Laboratory and AI Laboratory, NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center, Contract NAS8-34381, SSL Report #18-83, Phase II Final Report, June 1983.
965. Paul Slysh, Donald A. Kugath, “Large space structure automated assembly technique,” J. Spacecraft 17(July-August 1980):354-362.
966. L.S. Yarbrough, “MSFC Automation R&T Program,” Research and Technology Office, Science and Engineering Directorate, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, February 1981.
967. “Skyworker,” The Robotics Institute, NASA Grant No. NAG9-1141, 2003; http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/projects/skyworker/
968. Reid Simmons, “Welcome to the Wonderful World of Autonomous Robots!” Robotics Institute, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, 11 October 2002; http://www-2.cs.cmu.edu/~reids/
969. Alberto Behar, George Bekey, George Friedman, “Sub-kilogram intelligent tele-robots for asteroid exploration and exploitation (SKIT),” Space Studies Institute, October-December 1996, pp. 1-10; http://www.ssi.org/SKIT.pdf
970. C.W. Schneiker, “Prospects and Applications for Genesis and Ultra Mass Production of Sub-Millimeter Machines, Devices, and Replicating Systems,” distributed at 1983 Space Development Conference, Houston, Texas, 1983. Cited in: Conrad Schneiker, “NanoTechnology with Feynman machines: scanning tunneling engineering and artificial life,” in Christopher G. Langton, ed., Artificial Life, Santa Fe Institute, Studies in the Sciences of Complexity, Volume VI, Addison-Wesley, NY, 1989, pp. 443-500. See also: C.W. Schneiker, “Some research topics for a new space development programme,” J. Brit. Interplanet. Soc. 37(1984):190-192.
971. Hans Moravec, “Robots that rove,” Robotics Institute, CMU, 11 September 1984; SIGBIO 7(June 1985):13-15; http://www.frc.ri.cmu.edu/users/hpm/project.archive/general.articles/1985/1985.Omni.html
972. Steve Vetter, “Minimizing the initial space manufacturing base,” in Barbara Faughnan, ed., Space Manufacturing: 10 Pathways to the High Frontier, Proceedings of the Twelfth SSI-Princeton Conference, 4-7 May 1995, Space Studies Institute, August 1995, pp. 245-253.
973. Tom McKendree, “Planning Scenarios for Space Development,” in Barbara Faughnan, ed., Space Manufacturing: 10 Pathways to the High Frontier, Proceedings of the Twelfth SSI-Princeton Conference, 4-7 May 1995, Space Studies Institute, August 1995, pp. 254-265.
974. Thomas L. McKendree, “Technical and Operational Assessment of Molecular Nanotechnology for Space Operations,” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, August 2001.
975. Tom McKendree, “The logical core architecture,” Nanotechnology 9(September 1998):212-222; http://www.foresight.org/Conferences/MNT05/Papers/McKendree/index.html
976. Thomas L. McKendree, “Balancing molecular nanotechnology-based space transportation and space manufacturing using location theory: a preliminary look,” paper presented at the Space Studies Institute Conference on Space Manufacturing, 8-11 May 1997, http://www.islandone.org/MMSG/ssi97/TMcSSI97.html; Newsletter of the Molecular Manufacturing Shortcut Group, Volume 5, Number 3, Third Quarter, 1997; http://www.islandone.org/MMSG/97sept/
977. J. Suthakorn, Y. Zhou, G.S. Chirikjian, “Self-replicating robots for space utilization,” Proc. Robosphere 2002, Workshop on Self Sustaining Robotic Ecologies, NASA/Ames Research Center, CA, 14-15 November 2002; http://caesar.me.jhu.edu/jackritweb/RoboSphere2002.pdf
978. Jerome D. Rosen, “Using Mechanosynthetic Assemblers to Build an Orbital Tower,” Newsletter of the Molecular Manufacturing Shortcut Group, Volume 4, Number 1, First Quarter, 1996; http://www.islandone.org/MMSG/9601-news.html#RTFToC46
979. J. Storrs Hall, “Diamond in the Sky,” IMM Report No. 16, 6 June 2000; http://www.imm.org/Reports/Rep016.html
980. Gregory S. Chirikjian, Yu Zhou, Jackrit Suthakorn, “Self-replicating robots for lunar development,” JHU Technical Report RMS-1-2002; also in Special Issue on Self-Reconfiguration Robots, ASME/IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics 7(December 2002):462-472; http://caesar.me.jhu.edu/jackritweb/SRR-Mechatronics-Paper.pdf
981. Alex Ignatiev, T. Kubricht, Alexandre Freundlich, “Solar cell development on the surface of the Moon,” Proc. 49th Intl. Astronautical Congress, IAA-98-IAA. 13.2.03, 1998.
982. Benjamin Chui, Lea Kissner, “Nanorobots for Mars EVA repair,” SAE Intl. Conf. on Environmental Systems, July 2000; http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~leak/ices.pdf
983. Kenneth Malpass, “Profitable condominium development using self-replicating O’Neill colonies,” in Bettie Greber, ed., Space Manufacturing 13: Settling Circumsolar Space, Proc. Thirteenth SSI/Princeton Conference On Space Manufacturing, 7-9 May 2001, pp. 257-259.
984. Paul D. Fernhout, Cynthia F. Kurtz, “A review of licensing and collaborative development with special attention to design of self-replicating space habitat systems,” in Bettie Greber, ed., Space Manufacturing 13: Settling Circumsolar Space, Proc. Thirteenth SSI/Princeton Conference On Space Manufacturing, 7-9 May 2001, pp. 271-281.
985. Giorgio Buttazzo, “Artificial consciousness: Utopia or real possibility?” IEEE Computer Magazine 34(July 2001):24-30; http://computer.org/computer/co2001/r7024abs.htm (abstract).
986. Ted Howard, “Vision 2020,” http://www.fishnet.co.nz/v2020/visn2020.htm; “Miniature Factory: How do we build a self replicating robotic complex?” http://www.fishnet.co.nz/v2020/minifact.htm; “Doubling is Power,” http://www.fishnet.co.nz/v2020/doubling.htm
987. Forrest Bishop, “The Starseed/Launcher,” Newsletter of the Molecular Manufacturing Shortcut Group, Volume 4, Number 2, Second Quarter, 1996; http://www.islandone.org/MMSG/9606.html#TofC1
988. George Friedman, “The Space Studies Institute view on self-replication,” The Assembler 4(Fourth Quarter 1996):1-4; http://www.islandone.org/MMSG/9612.html#TofC1
989. George Friedman, personal communication to Robert A. Freitas Jr., 22 September 2001.
990. Raj Reddy, “To dream the possible dream,” Commun. ACM 39(May 1996):106-112; http://www.cs.dal.ca/~riordan/CSCI6501/p105-reddy.pdf.
991. A.T. Forrester, J. Perel, J. Mahoney, ‘A critique of the throughput limit in mass spectrographs,” J. Appl. Phys. 49(June 1978):3046-3048.
992. A.L. Vergey, A.K. Yergey, “Preparative scale mass spectrometry: A brief history of the calutron,” J. Amer. Soc. Mass Spectrometry 8(September 1997):943-953; http://masspec.scripps.edu/builders.html. See also: “Episode 2. The Calutron,” Lawrence and His Laboratory, 1981, http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Research-Review/Magazine/1981/81fepi2.html; “What’s a calutron?” 28 February 1995, http://www.ornl.gov/publications/labnotes/feb95/calutron.html
993. C.P. Keim, “Enriching stable isotopes electromagnetically,” J. Appl. Phys. 24(October 1953):1255-1261.
994. F.A. White, Mass Spectroscopy in Science and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1968.
995. R.G. Wilson, G.R. Brewer, Ion Beams, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1973.
996. C.A. Robinson, Jr., P.J. Klass, “Technical survey: particle beams, laser weapons,” Aviat. Week Space Technol. 113(28 July 1980)32-66 (Part 1), 113(4 August 1980):44-68 (Part 2).
997. David S. McKay, Hubert P. Davis, Marshall Burns, “Using fabricators to reduce space transportation costs,” Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium, University of Texas at Austin, 14 August 1995; http://www.ennex.com/publish/199608-MB-SpaceFab.asp
998. Digital Fabrication Portal “fabbers.com”; http://www.ennex.com/~fabbers/
999. Brock Hinzmann, “The Personal Factory,” MCB Internet Conference on Rapid Prototyping, 1996; http://www.ennex.com/~fabbers/publish/199600-Brock-PersonalFactory.asp
Last updated on 1 August 2005